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Thailand Demographics

Population of Thailand (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Thailand

Thailand Population
71,559,614
see live
Yearly Change
−0.08%
Global Share
0.86%
Global Rank
21

Median Age

The median age in Thailand is 41 years (2026).

Fertility in Thailand

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.2
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Thailand

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
77.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
81.4
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
72.9
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Thailand


Infant Mortality
7.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
9.6
(per 1,000 live births)


Thailand Urban Population

Currently, 54.3% of the population of Thailand is urban (38,836,778 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Thailand is 140 people per Km2 (363 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 510,890 Km2 (197,256 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Thailand

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok) 18,180,280
2 Chiang Mai 626,629
3 Hat Yai 407,059
4 Phuket 389,376
5 Lop Buri 378,160
6 Chon Buri 297,276
7 Khon Kaen 274,613
8 Pattaya 238,411
9 Nakhon Pathom 232,416
10 Nakhon Ratchasima 219,863
11 Songkhla 213,186
12 Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 211,344
13 Ubon Ratchathani 191,866
14 Phitsanulok 189,643
15 Lampang 175,646
16 Nakhon Si Thammarat 151,713
17 Thanyaburi 146,811
18 Udon Thani 139,189
19 Tha Chang 133,416
20 Ranong 126,669
21 Surat Thani 126,423
22 Yala 113,021
23 Chiang Rai 112,713
24 Nakhon Sawan 105,331
25 Sattahip 102,065
26 Thalang 100,444
27 Saraburi 99,411
28 Ban Phaeo 97,791
29 Uttaradit 95,103
30 Phetchaburi 90,351
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.