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Madagascar Demographics

Population of Madagascar (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Madagascar

Madagascar Population
33,522,052
see live
Yearly Change
+2.39%
Global Share
0.4%
Global Rank
49

Median Age

The median age in Madagascar is 19.4 years (2026).

Fertility in Madagascar

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
3.8
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Madagascar

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
64.3
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
66.1
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
62.5
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Madagascar


Infant Mortality
42.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
62.0
(per 1,000 live births)


Madagascar Urban Population

Currently, 41% of the population of Madagascar is urban (13,751,596 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Madagascar is 58 people per Km2 (149 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 581,795 Km2 (224,632 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Madagascar

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 Antananarivo 3,916,219
2 Antsiramandroso 312,434
3 Ambano 270,357
4 Mahajanga 203,925
5 Amparihimahitsy 170,981
6 Ambatolahy II 158,588
7 Ambovombe 133,818
8 Antetezambaro 129,172
9 Toliara 98,510
10 Ankodondona 92,512
11 Manakara 88,070
12 Antsiranana 82,910
13 Farafangana 72,076
14 Morondava 70,207
15 Hell-Ville 66,161
16 Toamasina 65,913
17 Ankoronga Andatabo 59,828
18 Ankazomborona 57,143
19 Antsirabe 55,528
20 Tolanaro 54,218
21 Ramena 53,908
22 Ambanja 53,324
23 Antsambalahy 51,351
24 Ankoronga Andatabo 50,872
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.