Population CO2 emissions Coronavirus Countries Energy Flags Food & Agriculture GDP by country Time Unit Converters Water World Map

Flag of Poland
Poland Demographics

Population of Poland (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Poland

Poland Population
37,843,188
see live
Yearly Change
−0.78%
Global Share
0.46%
Global Rank
42

Median Age

The median age in Poland is 43 years (2026).

Fertility in Poland

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.3
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Poland

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
79.2
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
82.7
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
75.5
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Poland


Infant Mortality
3.1
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
3.6
(per 1,000 live births)


Poland Urban Population

Currently, 59.7% of the population of Poland is urban (22,575,951 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Poland is 124 people per Km2 (320 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 306,230 Km2 (118,236 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Poland

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 Warszawa (Warsaw) 1,882,756
2 Katowice 865,777
3 Krakow 699,015
4 Lodz 582,659
5 Wrocław 508,528
6 Poznan 494,839
7 Gdansk 384,985
8 Sosnowiec 318,955
9 Szczecin 300,314
10 Lublin 300,013
11 Białystok 288,641
12 Bydgoszcz 266,908
13 Gdynia 209,918
14 Rzeszów 187,574
15 Radom 174,122
16 Toruń 166,921
17 Kielce 165,834
18 Częstochowa 164,337
19 Olsztyn 145,771
20 Zielona Góra 133,925
21 Bielsko-Biała 133,022
22 Elbląg 107,088
23 Tychy 100,761
24 Gliwice 95,730
25 Gorzów Wielkopolski 94,196
26 Koszalin 93,416
27 Opole 90,669
28 Słupsk 83,293
29 Kalisz 82,099
30 Legnica 76,676
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.