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Germany Demographics

Population of Germany (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Germany

Germany Population
83,644,258
see live
Yearly Change
−0.51%
Global Share
1.01%
Global Rank
19

Median Age

The median age in Germany is 45.7 years (2026).

Fertility in Germany

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.5
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Germany

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
81.9
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
84.1
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
79.6
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Germany


Infant Mortality
2.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
3.2
(per 1,000 live births)


Germany Urban Population

Currently, 77% of the population of Germany is urban (64,436,188 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Germany is 240 people per Km2 (622 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 348,560 Km2 (134,580 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Germany

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 Berlin 3,560,908
2 Essen 2,717,087
3 Munich 1,815,022
4 Hamburg 1,759,377
5 Cologne 1,125,292
6 Dusseldorf 907,386
7 Frankfurt 900,483
8 Stuttgart 899,103
9 Bonn 756,044
10 Dortmund 748,106
11 Wuppertal 662,663
12 Nuremberg 644,169
13 Hanover 611,288
14 Dresden 554,612
15 Leipzig 542,313
16 Mannheim 448,203
17 Wiesbaden 427,270
18 Bremen 422,414
19 Augsburg 344,255
20 Karlsruhe 298,556
21 Münster 264,131
22 Aachen 243,905
23 Bielefeld 241,573
24 Kassel 236,992
25 Freiburg im Breisgau 234,311
26 Kiel 232,651
27 Chemnitz 229,476
28 Mönchengladbach 227,173
29 Krefeld 213,793
30 Magdeburg 212,686
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.