Mongolia Demographics

Population of Mongolia (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Mongolia

Mongolia Population
3,517,100
see live
Yearly Change
+1.2%
Global Share
0.04%
Global Rank
133

Median Age

The median age in Mongolia is 26.9 years (2025).

Fertility in Mongolia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
2.6
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Mongolia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
72.2
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
76.9
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
67.8
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Mongolia


Infant Mortality
8.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
10.6
(per 1,000 live births)


Mongolia Urban Population

Currently, 67.2% of the population of Mongolia is urban (2,362,934 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Mongolia is 2 people per Km2 (6 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 1,553,560 Km2 (599,833 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Mongolia

# City Population
1 Ulan Bator 844,818
2 Erdenet 97,814
3 Darhan 83,883
4 Moeroen 39,404
5 Bayanhongor 30,931
6 Ulaangom 30,092
7 Khovd 29,800
8 Arvayheer 29,420
9 OElgii 28,400
10 Hovd 27,924
11 Dalandzadgad 24,863
12 Undurkhaan 22,741
13 Suehbaatar 22,741
14 Tsetserleg 21,620
15 Saynshand 19,891
16 Dzuunharaa 18,830
17 Baruun-Urt 18,190
18 Altai 17,617
19 Bulgan 17,348
20 Dzuunmod 16,953
21 Zuunmod 16,953
22 Uliastay 16,265

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.