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Romania Demographics

Population of Romania (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Romania

Romania Population
18,800,605
see live
Yearly Change
−0.57%
Global Share
0.23%
Global Rank
70

Median Age

The median age in Romania is 43.5 years (2026).

Fertility in Romania

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.7
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Romania

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
76.4
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
79.9
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
72.9
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Romania


Infant Mortality
4.8
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
5.9
(per 1,000 live births)


Romania Urban Population

Currently, 55.5% of the population of Romania is urban (10,429,020 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Romania is 82 people per Km2 (212 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 230,170 Km2 (88,869 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Romania

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 București (Bucharest) 1,909,536
2 Timișoara 319,240
3 Cluj-Napoca 310,650
4 Iași 275,840
5 Constanța 268,757
6 Craiova 251,285
7 Brasov 226,778
8 Galați 225,126
9 Ploiești 188,227
10 Oradea 163,471
11 Brăila 160,688
12 Pitești 143,613
13 Sibiu 132,037
14 Bacău 128,303
15 Târgu Mureș 126,369
16 Arad 117,918
17 Baia Mare 101,425
18 Botoșani 96,938
19 Buzău 92,820
20 Suceava 85,818
21 Drobeta-Turnu Severin 81,735
22 Satu Mare 81,597
23 Focșani 69,669
24 Piatra Neamț 69,638
25 Târgoviște 65,113
26 Târgu Jiu 61,928
27 Slatina 58,960
28 Râmnicu Vâlcea 58,850
29 Bistrița 54,468
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.